0lds0d, on 08 Nov 2023 - 12:04 PM, said: . . . many battles in history . . . one side wins despite being outnumbered . . .
God is not on the side of the big battalions, but on the side of those who shoot best. Voltaire (c.1735-c.1750).
I don't disagree with you. Look at the example I gave, regarding the 1951 battle of the Kapyong valley.
The Kapyong valley was a narrow road, between two steep mountain ridges. It was the road to Seoul, and the Chinese needed to capture it, if they were going advance.
The 27th Commonwealth Brigade was assigned to defend it. The brigade was deployed in a typical 2 up, 1 back defense.
The 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR), occupied Hill 504 on the eastern side of the valley. The 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2 PPCLI), held Hill 677 on the western side. Both battalions were about 700 men each.
The 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment were held in reserve, behind Brigade HQ. The 1st Battalion, Argyle and Sutherland Highlander had already been withdrawn, and were on their way to Hong Kong. The Middlesex were scheduled to go next.
The Brigade had the 16th Field Regiment (16 Fd Regt) of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery attached to it, adjacent to Bde HQ.
They were equipped with 25pdr's.
The Bde also had a squadron of 15 Sherman tanks from the American 72nd Heavy Tank Battalion, along with 2 companies of US Mortar Batteries.
On the night of the 23rd of April, the Chinese sent 20,000 men of the Peoples Volunteer Army straight at the Canadians and the Australians.
The American tanks found themselves in an untenable situation. They could not climb the ridge lines, and were stuck on a narrow road with no room to maneuver. They were forced to retire, and took up positions around the Bde HQ.
By the end of the Day, on the 24th, the Australians, who had been badly mauled, were ordered to withdraw, with the Canadians covering them, before leaving themselves. Unfortunately, the Canadians found themselves out front and surrounded.
The night of the 24th was expected to be the last for 2PPCLI. At least one Canadian Company called down fire from the NZ artillery, on it's own position, twice.
Help arrived on the 25th, when the American cargo planes, flying in from Japan, dropped food, water, and ammunition to the Canadians still left on top of Hill 677.
On the afternoon of the 25th, the 5th US Cavalry Regiment arrived, and recaptured Hill 504, late in the day.
After a relatively quiet night, the Canadians were re-leaved on the 26th.
In modern warfare, human waves do not work, against a determined defense.
The Terrikon is a 25m tall hill of mine spoil, outside the City of Avdiivka, in Ukraine. 25m (82') may not seem very high, but on the local Ukrainian farmland, it is a huge advantage in height. It has cost the Russians thousands of men, and hundreds of armoured vehicles trying to capture it. It is still there, and the Ukrainians still hold it.
Cheers!
Naught